Air-cooled chillers and dry coolers generally minimize on-site water consumption because they reject heat to the air without continuously evaporating water. Direct-to-chip and immersion systems can also circulate fluid in closed loops, but the overall result depends on the system used to reject heat outdoors.
There is no universally best design. Dry systems can require more electricity or larger equipment in hot weather, while evaporative systems can reduce energy demand but consume more water. A strong design evaluates both water and energy under local climate and grid conditions.